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Cognitive Development: Its Cultural and Social Foundations, by A. R. Luria
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Alexander Romanovich Luria, one of the most influential psychologists of the twentieth century, is best known for his pioneering work on the development of language and thought, mental retardation, and the cortical organization of higher mental processes. Virtually unnoticed has been his major contribution to the understanding of cultural differences in thinking.
In the early 1930s young Luria set out with a group of Russian psychologists for the steppes of central Asia. Their mission: to study the impact of the socialist revolution on an ancient Islamic cotton-growing culture and, no less, to establish guidelines for a viable Marxist psychology. Lev Vygotsky, Luria's great teacher and friend, was convinced that variations in the mental development of children must be understood as a process including historically determined cultural factors. Guided by this conviction, Luria and his colleagues studied perception, abstraction, reasoning, and imagination among several remote groups of Uzbeks and Kirghiz―from cloistered illiterate women to slightly educated new friends of the central government.
The original hypothesis was abundantly supported by the data: the very structure of the human cognitive process differs according to the ways in which social groups live out their various realities. People whose lives are dominated by concrete, practical activities have a different method of thinking from people whose lives require abstract, verbal, and theoretical approaches to reality.
For Luria the legitimacy of treating human consciousness as a product of social history legitimized the Marxian dialectic of social development. For psychology in general, the research in Uzbekistan, its rich collection of data and the penetrating observations Luria drew from it, have cast new light on the workings of cognitive activity. The parallels between individual and social development are still being explored by researchers today. Beyond its historical and theoretical significance, this book represents a revolution in method. Much as Piaget introduced the clinical method into the study of children's mental activities, Luria pioneered his own version of the clinical technique for use in cross-cultural work. Had this text been available, the recent history of cognitive psychology and of anthropological study might well have been very different. As it is, we are only now catching up with Luria's procedures.
- Sales Rank: #1045842 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Harvard University Press
- Published on: 1976-01-01
- Released on: 1982-05-15
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .48" w x 6.00" l, .61 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 175 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
From the Back Cover
In the early 1930s, Alexander Romanovich Luria set out with a group of fellow Russian psychologists for the steppes of central Asia. Their mission: to study the impact of the socialist revolution on an ancient Islamic cotton-growing culture and to establish guidelines for a viable Marxist psychology. The data collected among several remote groups of Uzbeks and Kirghiz supported the original hypothesis: the very structure of human cognitive processes differs according to the way in which social groups live out their various realities. For Luria, the legitimacy of treating human consciousness as a product of social history legitimized the Marxist dialectic of social development. The penetrating observations Luria drew from it, have cast new light on the workings of cognitive activity.
About the Author
A. R. Luria was Professor of Psychology at Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Michael Cole is Professor of Communication and Psychology and Director of the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition at the University of California, San Diego.
Most helpful customer reviews
14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Great for studying cognition through a socio-cultural and historical lens
By R. Boyle
Alexander Luria's book Cognitive Development: Its Cultural and Social Foundations was published in 1976. Most of Luria's observational data was collected in the early 1930's during a time of radical restructuring in the Soviet Union. Alexander Luria was one of the founders of cultural-historical psychology. Luria wrote this book I believe to show the sociohistorical roots of all basic cognitive processes.
Luria believed that the structure of thought depends upon the structure of the dominant types of activity in different cultures. This book was written at a time when there was an opportunity to observe how all of the reforms happening during this time not only changed the broadening of outlook but also changes in the structure of cognitive process. Luria's work was at the time very ground breaking. His work was primarily focusing on cross-cultural psychology. The aim of the research in this book was to analyze the sociohistorical shaping of mental processes.
Luria focused primarily on cognitive processes like perception, deduction and inference, reasoning and problem solving, imagination, and self-analysis and self-awareness. Luria looked at the cultural development of undereducated minorities in a remote part of central Asia to collect his data. One of the main arguments of Luria in his book is that many mental processes are social and historical in origin. I thought that Luria did a very detailed job during the time period he was collecting data of creating a solid picture of the different types of cognitive processes humans go through of different cultural backgrounds. Each chapter in this book gives an account of the tools he used as a researcher to study his subjects. For each area of cognitive process, Luria would do tests with subjects he was studying. He first explains at the beginning of each chapter why it is important to do that particular cognitive process and explains the historical and cultural foundations of being able to perform a cognitive process. Luria then proceeds to demonstrate the cognitive process with his subjects and shows that data collected while working with them.
I believe this book is very relevant to our time due to the fact that we live in a nation of hundreds of different cultures coinciding. Our classrooms are made up of students of different cultural backgrounds and historical backgrounds. This work can provide further insight to how students of different cultures and the history of their cultures play into their human consciousness and the process in which they learn. This book has helped me as an educator better understand how my students learn and how their cultural background and history play a role in how my students learn. It is also relevant to how we teach students and differentiate the instruction to meet their needs.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
This is a great book.
By thechatterboxman
Luria conducted some of the most insightful research ever done about the how the ways we use language influences our thinking. This is a great book.
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